RIGHT FORM OF VERB

RIGHT FORM OF VERB

VERB:

       FINITE VERB

       NON FINITE VERB

FINITE VERB

·         Finite verb is called the main verb.

·         Finite verb is changed according to the tense.

·         Example: we went to visit the zoo yesterday.

        Here: went -- Finite verb and to visit – non finite verb.

FINITE VERB

       PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + base form of verb + extension. ·         If subject is third person and singular number, s/es will be added after main verb.

USE OF PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         To express universal truth.

·         To express habitual work.

·         To express morality.

·         If any sentence not mentioning time contains with regularly, often. Properly, sometimes, occasionally, normally, everyday, daily, always.

       PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + am/is/are + ing form of verb+ extension.

USE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         Used when an action is continued.

·         An action is going to be continued in near future.

·         Any sentence contains with now, at the moment or still.

       PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

·         structure: subject + have/ has + past participle of verb+ extension.

USE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

·         IF any sentence contains with just, just now, already, yet [in negatives and questions], ever, recently. Lately, immediately.

·         To express duration of events.

·         To indicate a completed action in the immediate past.

       PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + have/ has + been + ing of verb+ extension.

USE OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·            For an action which began sometime in the past and is still continuing.

·            For, since, from [both since and from denote a point of time and for denotes a period of time.]

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + past form of verb + extension.

USE OF PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         To express about a past event as a simple fact of time.

·         If any sentence contains with long, long ago, ago, once, yesterday, last, long since.

·         Past indefinite is also used with used to for past habits.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + was/were + ing form of verb+ extension.

USE OF past COTINUOUS TENSE:

·         To talk about any continuing process of doing something in the past.

·         To describe a background action.

Past perfect tense:

PAST PERFECT TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + had + past participle of verb+ extension.

USE OF PAST PERFECT TENSE:

·         past perfect + before + past indefinite.

·         past indefinite + after + past perfect.

·         no sooner had + past perfect + than + past indefinite.

·         hardly/ scarcely had+ past perfect + when + past indefinite.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         structure: subject + had + been + ing of verb+ extension.

USE OF PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         to express an action that continued in the past for a given period of time.

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         Structure: subject + SHALL/ WILL + base form of verb + extension.

USE OF FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE:

·         to express future event.

·         if any sentence contains with tomorrow.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         structure: subject + shall/ will + be + ing of verb + extension.

USE OF FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE:

·         to talk about near future.

·         to express an activity going on at a particular time in future.

NARRATION/SPEECH:

Direct [ tense of reported clause ]	Indirect [ tense of reported speech ]
Present indefinite	Past indefinite
Am, is, are	Was, were
Have, has	Had
Past indefinite	Past perfect [sub + had + past participle of verb]
Was, were	Had been
Shall, will, can, may,	Would, could, might

To remember:

·If the reporting verb is present/ future, the tense of reported clause will not be changed.

·If the reported clause expresses universal truth or habitual fact, the tense of reported clause will not be changed.

VOICE

Sub + auxiliary verb + past participle of main verb + by / at/with/to + ob

Active	Passive [auxiliary verb]
Present indefinite	Am ,is, are
Am ,is, are, was, were	[Am ,is, are, was, were] + being
Have, has, had	[Have, has, had ] + been
[Have, has, had ] + been	[Have, has, had ] + been being
Past indefinite	Was, were
Modal verb	Modal verb + be

NON FINITE VERB

USE OF BASE FORM OF VERB:

RULES	EXAMPLE
·   To + base form of verb.	·  She likes to dance with me. ·  It is not easy to learn English.
·   Modal verbs [shall, should, will would, can could, may, might, must, ought to, use to need, dare] + base form of verb.	·  He can run fast. ·  You must give up smoking. ·  You should help the blind.
·   [Had better, had rather, would rather, would sooner.] + base form of verb.	·  I had better die than live in disgrace.
·   Bare infinitive [ bid, behold, feel, find, hear,, know, let, make, notice, see, watch, help.] + base form of verb.	·  She made us laugh. ·  I saw him cross the road. ·  We watched the ship sink.
·   Imperative sentence starts with base form of verb.	·  Hold your tongue. ·  Stop writing.

USE OF PAST FORM OF VERB:

RULES	EXAMPLE
·         Wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time + subject + past form of verb.	·         It is high time you studied hard. ·         It is time we went to college. ·         I wish I were a child again. ·          I fancy I turned a trifle pale.

USE OF PAST PARTICIPLE FORM OF VERB:

RULES	EXAMPLE
·         Have, has, had, get, got. + Past participle of verb.	·         He has stolen my watch. ·         I got admitted to Dhaka College.
·         Having, being + Past participle of verb.	·         Having finished my home work, I went to watch TV.
·         Modal verbs [shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, use to, need, dare] / to + be + Past participle of verb.	·         Necessary steps should be taken to control adulteration.
·         Past participle of verb will be used as an adjective.	·         He is a retired teacher.
·         Passive voice [ sub + auxiliary verb+ past participle form of verb ]	·         The book is written by Munir Chowdhury.
·         A past participle can function as an adjective phrase to describe a noun placed before it. [If the sentence is passive voice.]	·         The eggs bought yesterday are rotten.

USE OF ING FORM OF VERB:

RULES	EXAMPLE
·         Verb + ing, the beginning of the sentence.	·         Sleeping is necessary to life.
·         Stop, finish, prefer, avoid, like + ing of verb.	·         Stop writing.
·         Look forward to, addicted to, with a view to, get used to, be used to, dedicated to, accustomed to, objection to + ing of verb.	·         I came here with a view to meeting with your father.
·         Cannot help, would you mind, mind	·         Would you mind having a cup of tea?
·         Preposition [ on, in, at, of, for, from, into, within, after, before, without, by, etc.] + ing of verb.	·         Without working hard, you will not shine in life. ·         He is fond of eating sweets.
·         Ing of verb will be used as an adjective.	·         Don’t try to get down from a running bus.
·         If two verbs are used in a simple sentence, the second one will be ing of verb.	·         He lay on the bed smiling. ·         She came here dancing.
·         Verb+ing  can function as an adjective phrase to describe a noun placed before it.	·         The girl dancing on the stage is my sister.
·         Verb+ing can be used as a substitute for an adverb clause in a simple sentence.	·         Opening the door, she went out.
·         While + ing of verb	·         Don’t gossip while reading.
·         While + sub + past continuous tense.	·         I met him while I was walking

CONJUNCTION:

RULES	EXAMPLE
·         Hardly/scarcely had + past participle of verb +when + past ind.	·         Scarcely had she fallen asleep than she had a dream.
·         No sooner had + past participle of verb +than + past ind.	·         No sooner had the police reached than the burglars fled.
·         Though/although/as soon as/ and/	·         As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
·         Present ind/present perfect + since/as/as though/as if + past ind.	·         Ten years have passed since I met him last.
·         Past ind + since/as/as though/as if + past perfect.	·         Ten years passed since I had met him last.
·         To denote cause both sentences will be same tense conjuncted with since /as/when.	·         Since they played well, they won the match.
·         As though/as if / wish + sub + were [be verb]	·         He talks as if he were mad. ·         I wish I were a child again.
·         Lest + sub + should/could +base form of verb.	·         Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
·         If / unless / provided + present ind + future ind	·         If you read more, you will learn more.
·         If / unless / provided + past ind + sub + would + base form of verb.	·         If he studied well, he would pass in the examination.
·         If / unless / provided + past perfect + sub + would have + past participle of verb.	·         If you had walked faster, you would have not missed the train.