SIMPLE/COMPLEX/COMPOUND

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SIMPLE/COMPLEX/COMPOUND

NOUN CLAUSE:

·         A noun clause is a group of words that works as a noun in the sentence.

POSITION OF NOUN CLAUSE	EXAMPLE
·         Subject	·         What he says is false.
·         Object	·         I know where he lives.
·         Complement	·         She says what he intends to be.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:

·         An adjective clause is a group of words that works as an adjective to qualify a noun or pronoun.

·         The noun or pronoun with which the adjective clause is related is called its antecedent.

·         An adjective clause is placed after its antecedent.

·         Linkers of adjective clause – who[sub], whom[obj], whose[posse], which/that[non living], that [living]

FUNCTION OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE	EXAMPLE
·         Subject	·         The man who came here is my brother.
·         object	·         The man whom you saw yesterday is my brother.
·         possessive	·         The girl whose father is a police warned him.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE:

·         An   adverbial clause is a group of words that works as an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

FUNCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSE	LINKERS	EXAMPLE
·         Time	When, while, before, after, till, until, since, whenever.	I started journey when I got the news.
·         Place	Where, wherever.	You may go where you want.
·         Cause	As, since, because, that.	He could not attend the class because he was ill.
·         Result	That, so….that.	He was so tired that he could not walk.
·         Extent	As far as, so far as.	As far as I know, he is a cheater.
·         Manner	As, as if, as though.	He pretended as if he were mad.
·         Comparison	As….as, so….as, such….as, than.	The man is as tall as I.
·         Contrast	Though, although.	Though he studied hard, he failed.
·         condition	If, unless, in case, provided.	If you want, I can give you the book.
·         purpose	That, in order that, so that, lest.	He works hard so that he can shine in life.

SIMPLE/COMPLEX/COMPOUND

SIMPLE	COMPLEX	COMPOUND
1.    Same subject of the two clauses.
Ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause.	When/as/since + adv clause + principal clause.	C. clause + and/and so/so + p.clause.
2.    Same subject of the two clauses but if first clause expresses the cause of second clause.
Because of + possessive form of sub + ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause	When/as/since + adv clause + principal clause.	C. clause + and/so + p.clause.
3.  Different subject of the two clauses.
Sub + ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause	When/as/since + adv clause + principal clause.	C. clause + and/and so/so + p.clause.
In spite of ---------------- ·      In spite of + possessive form of sub + ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause	Though/although…….. ·    Though/although + adv clause + principal clause. [ same tense]	---------But ---------- ·      C. clause + but + p.clause.
-----too-----to-------- ·      -----too-----to + base form of verb.	-----so ---- that------- ·    -----so -----that+ sub + can/could +not + verb + ex.	----very-----and so-------- ·      ----very-----and so + second sentence.
------- to -------- ·   ---to +base form of verb	------- so that ------------------ · ----so that + sub+ can/could/ +verb +ex	--------- and ----------------
Without ----------- ·      Without + ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause	If + negative ------- ·    If+ negative adv clause + principal clause.	------- or + negative sentence ·   Base form of verb of adv clause + or + principal clause.
By  ----------- ·      By + ing form of verb of adv clause + principal clause	If + affirmative ------- ·    If + affirmative adv clause + principal clause..	- and + affirmative sentence ·   Base form of verb of adv clause + and + principal clause..
Both ------- and		Not only ---- but also
RELATIVE PRONOUN
1.       Principal clause+ sub[possessive form]+ noun	·         Principal clause +  Noun clause	and
2.       Antecedent of adjective clause + withdraw R.P + ing of verb	·         Adjective clause[active]	and
3.       Antecedent of adjective clause + withdraw R.P + p.p of verb	·         Adjective clause[passive]	and
4.       Sub + verb + adv + adj + noun.	·         Sub + verb + noun + R.P + verb + adv + adj	and
5.       Sub + verb + ex.[universal truth]	·         It is + sub + R.P + verb + ex.	and
6.       Adverb [ adj + ly ]	·         It is adj form of adverb + ex.	and

TO REMEMBER

   If ‘when’ expresses time, to convert simple write at the time of/ during / in

PRACTICE:

1.      Since they played well, they won the match.

2.      As he saw the police, he ran away.

3.      When the lunch was over, she went away.

4.      As the writer was poor, he could not entertain her properly.

5.      He is so weak that he cannot move an inch.

6.      We eat so that we may live.

7.      Though the weather was very cold, we went outside without warm cloths.

8.      When it is spring, the cuckoo sings.

9.      If you do not practice, you will not speak English fluently.

10.  If you work hard, you will shine ion life.

11.  He went to Bagerhat so that he could visit the Shat Gombuj Mosque.

12.  Lord knew what they cost.

13.  Tell me what the truth is.

14.  I know what her name is.

15.  I know where he was born.

16.  I prayed that he might recovery.

17.  They admitted that they were guilty.

18.  A man who is drowning catches at a straw.

19.  The woman who is reported is a spy.

20.  I still remember the advice which was given by my father.

21.  The man saw the RAB and ran away.

22.  Their throats were very dry and they could not speak.

23.  Follow my example and you will shine in life.

24.  He ran fast but he could not catch the thief.

25.  Work hard or you will not pass in the examination.

26.  He studied hard but failed.

27.  Completing his study, he went to play.

28.  The weather being very hot, we could not go to play.

29.  He is too honest to take bribe.

30.  He lent some money from the bank to buy a car.

31.  In spite of his being healthy, he is lazy.

32.  I saw bird flying.

33.  Health is wealth.

34.  He is a good student.

35.  Knowledge is power.

36.  Unity is strength.

37.  He bought some valuable gifts.

38.  They arrived in cold grey seas.

39.  He is a meritorious boy.

40.  I lost this ball yesterday.

41.  Unfortunately she lost he purse.

42.  Suddenly the rain started.

43.   The thief took the money and ran away.

44.   The sun had set and we returned home.

45.   As he had much experience, he got the job.

46.   If you don’t work hard, you will not shine in life.

47.   If you work hard, you will shine in life.

48.   He is weak but he can speak loudly.

49.   He is too weak to work.

50.   She went to market to buy a sari.

51.   When it was winter, I was in London.

52.   The man who works hard can shine in life.

53.   Faiaz is a boy who is very intelligent.

54.   The Tajmahal that was built many years ago still looks very charming.

COMPLEX/ COMPOUND / SIMPLE:

1.       We have laws and law-enforcing agencies to stop the dishonest businessmen.[complex]

2.       Their effort has been proved ineffective since adulteration of foods and other commodities is on increase.[ compound]

3.       It is strong public awareness which is essential for the fight against adulteration.[simple]

4.       Pohela Baishakh is undoubtedly the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh.[complex]

5.       It is the day of the year when the roads get so jam packed. [simple]

6.       Although I hate gathering, I enjoy activities of the flood of masses this day. [compound]

7.       Health is wealth.[complex]

8.       When a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy man is a liability. [compound]

9.       When it is summer, it becomes emaciated. Simple]

10.   During the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape. Complex]

11.   It flies from flower to flower and collects honey.[ simple]

12.   In winter, it remains idle but it works hard in spring.[complex]

13.   Water, an important vital element of environment, is polluted by various ways. [complex]

14.   The water which is pure is necessary for us. [simple]

15.   Men pollute water by throwing waste into it. [compound]

16.   The roast looked so delicious that the cook could not resist the temptation. [simple]

17.   Those who become tired may go to relax there. [simple]

18.   The visitors go there for enjoying natural beauties. [compound]

19.   Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the longest sea-beach in the world.[simple]

20.   Though he is poor, he is honest.[simple]

21.   People living below the poverty line leads a miserable life.[complex]

22.   Organizations frequently need employees who have a good command over English.[simple]

23.   There are many companies and they provide English language training for their staff. [complex]

24.   Tough punishment should be given out to the greedy criminals.[complex]

25.   Bangladesh govt. has already made some laws to root out this vice.[compound]

26.   A good teacher discovers the treasure hidden inside each students.[complex]

27.   He keeps his students busy so that he can make them happy.[simple]

28.   Education being one of the basic needs of a human being is essential for any kind of development.[complex]

29.   The heart is formed for love and cannot be happy without the opportunity of giving and receiving lover.[complex]

30.   You cannot receive affection unless you give it also.[simple]

31.   As love is divine everybody wants it.[compound]

32.   You need flowers to greet your honorable guests.[complex]

33.   Truthfulness may lead the world to peace and happiness.[complex]

34.   It has a large population, but the educational facility for this huge population is very limited.[complex]

35.   Do or die. [simple]

36.   Though Bangladesh is not a big country, too many people live here.[simple]

37.   The cuckoo is a bird of very shy nature.(complex]

38.   He wants to be doctor to serve the poor people.[complex]

39.   He sits to read when it is time for reading.[simple]

40.   Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities and towns. [complex]

41.   There are many vehicles running in the street.[complex]

42.   Jamir is a farmer living in a village.[complex]

43.   Since there was no rain, he was worried.[simple]

44.   One night he woke up hearing the sound of rain.[complex]

45.   You cannot receive affection unless you give it also.[simple]

46.   Friendship may brings happiness and peace in the world.[complex]

47.   A man, who leads in idle life, brings misery for his life.[complex]

48.   His honesty is known to all.[complex]

49.   The man who works hard can prosper in life.[simple]

50.   The fox is a very cunning animal.[complex]